منتدي التحاليل الطبية فلسطين
هل تريد التفاعل مع هذه المساهمة؟ كل ما عليك هو إنشاء حساب جديد ببضع خطوات أو تسجيل الدخول للمتابعة.

منتدي التحاليل الطبية فلسطين


 
الرئيسيةالرئيسية  أحدث الصورأحدث الصور  التسجيلالتسجيل  دخول  

 

 Ascariasis

اذهب الى الأسفل 
كاتب الموضوعرسالة
محمد نعيم
عضو متألق
عضو متألق
محمد نعيم


المساهمات : 99
تاريخ التسجيل : 26/03/2008
العمر : 40

Ascariasis Empty
مُساهمةموضوع: Ascariasis   Ascariasis Emptyالسبت أبريل 12, 2008 3:30 pm

Ascariasis


Causal Agent:
Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest nematode (roundworm) parasitizing the human intestine. (Adult females: 20 to 35 cm; adult male: 15 to 30 cm.)



Geographic Distribution:


The most common human helminthic infection. Worldwide distribution. Highest prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions, and areas with inadequate sanitation. Occurs in rural areas of the southeastern United States.


Clinical Features:
although infections may cause stunted growth, adult worms usually cause no acute symptoms. High worm burdens may cause abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Migrating adult worms may cause symptomatic occlusion of the biliary tract or oral expulsion. During the lung phase of larval migration, pulmonary symptoms can occur (cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, eosinophilic pneumonitis - Loeffler’s syndrome).

Laboratory Diagnosis:
Microscopic identification of eggs in the stool is the most common method for diagnosing intestinal ascariasis. The recommended procedure is as follows:

Collect a stool specimen.
Fix the specimen in 10% formalin.
Concentrate using the formalin–ethyl acetate sedimentation technique.
Examine a wet mount of the sediment.
Where concentration procedures are not available, a direct wet mount examination of the specimen is adequate for detecting moderate to heavy infections. For quantitative assessments of infection, various methods such as the Kato-Katz can be used. Larvae can be identified in sputum or gastric aspirate during the pulmonary migration phase (examine formalin-fixed organisms for morphology). Adult worms are occasionally passed in the stool or through the mouth or nose and are recognizable by their macroscopic characteristics.


Diagnostic findings

  • Microscopy
    Macroscopy
    Morphologic comparison with other intestinal parasites

Treatment
The drugs of choice for treatment of ascariasis are albendazole* with mebendazole, ivermectin*, and nitazoxanide as alternatives. In the United States, ascariasis is generally treated for 1-3 days with medication prescribed by a health care provider. The drugs are effective and appear to have few side effects. For additional information, see the recommendations in The Medical Letter (Drugs for Parasitic Infections).


Life Cycle:


Ascariasis Ascariasis_LifeCycle

Adult worms live in the lumen of the small intestine. A female may produce approximately 200,000 eggs per day, which are passed with the feces . Unfertilized eggs may be ingested but are not infective. Fertile eggs embryonate and become infective after 18 days to several weeks , depending on the environmental conditions (optimum: moist, warm, shaded soil). After infective eggs are swallowed , the larvae hatch , invade the intestinal mucosa, and are carried via the portal, then systemic circulation to the lungs . The larvae mature further in the lungs (10 to 14 days), penetrate the alveolar walls, ascend the bronchial tree to the throat, and are swallowed . Upon reaching the small intestine, they develop into adult worms . Between 2 and 3 months are required from ingestion of the infective eggs to oviposition by the adult female. Adult worms can live 1 to 2 years
.
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
محمد نعيم
عضو متألق
عضو متألق
محمد نعيم


المساهمات : 99
تاريخ التسجيل : 26/03/2008
العمر : 40

Ascariasis Empty
مُساهمةموضوع: رد: Ascariasis   Ascariasis Emptyالسبت أبريل 12, 2008 3:41 pm

Microscopy


Fertilized and unfertilized Ascaris lumbriocoides eggs are passed in stool of the infected host. Fertilized eggs are are rounded and have a thick shell with an external mammillated layer that is often stained brown by bile. In some cases, the outer layer is absent (known as decorticated eggs). Fertile eggs range from 45 to 75 µm in length. Unfertilized eggs are elongated and larger than fertile eggs (up to 90 µm in length). Their shell is thinner and their mammillated layer is more variable, either with large protuberances or practically none. Unfertile eggs contain mainly a mass of refractile granules. Complete development of the larva requires 18 days under favorable conditions (moist, warm, shaded soil). However, eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides may continue to develop and are infectious even when preserved in formalin



Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_unfert2_200x Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_fert_200x



Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_fert2_decort_200x

Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_fert3_decort_200x

Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_larva2
Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_larva3

Ascariasis Ascaris_female

Ascariasis Ascaris_egg_fert3_embryo_200xAscariasis Ascaris_egg_fert5_embryo_200x
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
 
Ascariasis
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة 
صفحة 1 من اصل 1

صلاحيات هذا المنتدى:لاتستطيع الرد على المواضيع في هذا المنتدى
منتدي التحاليل الطبية فلسطين :: التحاليل الطبية :: علم الطفيليات (Parasitology)-
انتقل الى: